Selecting the right wiring: key aspects for security and performance.

In this era, where networks and wiring play an indispensable role in the connectivity and operation of various infrastructures, it is imperative to recognize that the proper selection and installation of wiring also significantly contribute to fire prevention, just as much as the implementation of smoke detection systems, regular maintenance of electrical equipment, and proper management of flammable materials, for example.

In any structured cabling project, security occupies a central role. Optical fiber and copper cables are vital components in network infrastructure; however, their flammability level plays a crucial role in overall safety. For this reason, when designing solutions, it is essential to consider this fundamental aspect.

The quality and proper installation of these cables significantly reduce the risk, ensuring the protection of those who frequent these spaces.In addition, proper maintenance of internal cables ensures service continuity, preventing situations that could jeopardize safety and cause chaos in places with high foot traffic.

For all these reasons, selecting the correct cable according to the installation environment's needs and understanding its flammability characteristics is an essential measure to ensure safety and optimal system performance. In this article, I aim to delve a bit deeper into the different types of cabling according to the installation environment.

Office and Home Environments

Standard Flammability Rating (CM):

Metallic cables (CM) or optical cables (COG) are for general use and suitable for vertical applications in conduits with high occupancy, in places without forced air flow, in installations within the same environment, or in areas with fire propagation conditions similar to these. For these cables, the vertical flame propagation is evaluated according to the "Vertical-Tray Flame Test" method of UL 1685, and the gases generated during combustion and smoke density are not evaluated.

Commercial and Critical Data Environments

Enhanced Flammability Rating (CMR):

Metallic cables (CMR) or optical cables (COR), of the "riser" type, are suitable for vertical applications in elevator shafts, installations where cables extend over more than one floor, in places without forced air flow, in conduits with low occupancy, or in areas with fire propagation conditions similar to these. For cables of this classification, vertical flame propagation is evaluated according to the UL 1666 test method, and the gases generated during combustion and smoke density are not evaluated.

Data Centers and Telecommunications

Maximum Flammability Rating (CMP):

They are suitable for horizontal applications in confined spaces (between floors, ductwork, trays, etc.), with or without forced air flow, or in areas with fire propagation conditions similar to these. To be classified as CMP/COP, internal cables must be evaluated for flame propagation and smoke density according to the NFPA 262 or UL 910 standards.

Environments where low smoke and corrosive gas emissions are required.

LSZH Cable (Low Smoke Zero Halogen):

In a fire, the spread of flames can be very damaging to the infrastructure or building, but smoke, which contains toxic gases, is what causes the most harm and injury to people. The damage to buildings is reversible, but the harm to people is often not. In an effort to increase safety during a fire, LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) materials have been developed. These materials emit low smoke and do not generate toxic gases during combustion. This way, the main risk factors for people are reduced, as the smoke makes it difficult for people to exit the environment, and the toxic gases generated can cause suffocation, depending on the time of exposure. LSZH cables must meet the flame retardant characteristics of cables IEC 60332-1 or IEC 60332-3, as well as the requirements for smoke density and toxicity of the gases generated during combustion. They are recommended for places with high concentrations or circulation of people, such as commercial buildings, train stations, subways, hospitals, airports, etc.

The following table classifies each cable based on its fire resistance and gas emission.

At Isbel, we are here to assist you in evaluating the condition of the wiring in your current installation or in designing your future project.